Doubly-confirmed links

These hypotheses are confirmed by two independent EPPO signals at once: a pair of pathogens shares both a vector and a range of host crops. When two lines of evidence coincide, it is no longer a single observation but an intersection — and confidence in the link is higher.

The list is sorted by the Jaccard index (host_jaccard = shared crops / union): the more focused the host-range overlap, the higher. At the top are focused confirmations with a specific vector, above all the nematode-borne nepoviruses (raspberry via Longidorus, stone fruit and grape via Xiphinema) and the pine Bursaphelenchus via the beetle Monochamus. Lower and flagged "broad-host" are the tospoviruses and Xylella: they have hundreds of hosts, so even dozens of shared crops mean a wide range, not specificity (marked with a "broad host range" chip). Pairs with a very small union (fewer than 5 crops) sink to the bottom — there the Jaccard is unreliable. The genera Prunus / Vitis / Rubus are highlighted.

105 doubly-confirmed pairs · 24 strong · 81 broad-host.

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Virus Bacterium Phytoplasma
Double confirmation raises confidence but does not prove causation: a coincidence of vector and host range is a correlation in EPPO data. The "broad-host" flag means the shared hosts reflect polyphagy (a wide range), not specificity. Links require expert review.