metformin → AMPK → epileptiform network activity

• Insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer

  A→B
  Curr Opin Oncol· 2025· PMID 41222548· doi
• Metformin suppresses SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture

  A→B
  Virus Res· 2022· PMID 36417940· doi
• Metformin modulates mitochondrial function and mitophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 2 diabetic patients

  A→B
  Redox Biol· 2022· PMID 35605453· doi
• AMPK-mediated potentiation of GABAergic signalling drives hypoglycaemia-provoked spike-wave seizures

  B→C
  Brain· 2022· PMID 35134125· doi
• Empagliflozin adjunct with metformin for the inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma progression: Emerging approach for new application

  A→B
  Biomed Pharmacother· 2021· PMID 34844106· doi
• Metformin-induced glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion contributes to the actions of metformin in type 2 diabetes

  A→B
  JCI Insight· 2018· PMID 30518693· doi
• Synergistic effects of metformin with liraglutide against endothelial dysfunction through GLP-1 receptor and PKA signalling pathway

  A→B
  Sci Rep· 2017· PMID 28145471· doi
• Metformin extends C. elegans lifespan through lysosomal pathway

  A→B
  Elife· 2017· PMID 29027899· doi
• Effects of Metformin on Metabolite Profiles and LDL Cholesterol in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

  A→B
  Diabetes Care· 2015· PMID 26251408· doi
• Metformin and salicylate synergistically activate liver AMPK, inhibit lipogenesis and improve insulin sensitivity

  A→B
  Biochem J· 2015· PMID 25742316· doi

Each row is one structured triple extracted by deepseek-v4-flash (prompt v1_2026_05_07, source: configured). Confidence is the LLM's self-rating.

• metforminactivatesAMPKA→B
  "in C. elegans through lysosomal pathway"confidence 0.90· extraction run #27· claim #165830
• metforminactivatesAMPKA→B
  "in human ileal and colonic tissue ex vivo"confidence 0.80· extraction run #27· claim #166700
• metforminactivatesAMPKA→B
  "in vitro and in vivo"confidence 0.90· extraction run #27· claim #167240
• metforminactivatesAMPKA→B
  "in patients with type 2 diabetes"confidence 0.95· extraction run #27· claim #167374
• metforminactivatesAMPKA→B
  "in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 2 diabetic patients"confidence 0.95· extraction run #27· claim #169519
• metforminactivatesAMPKA→B
  "in HCC cells"confidence 0.80· extraction run #27· claim #177030
• MetforminactivatesAMPKA→B
  "in Calu3 and Caco2 cell lines"confidence 0.95· extraction run #27· claim #179786
• metforminactivatesAMPKA→B
  "in metabolic and antiproliferative effects"confidence 0.60· extraction run #27· claim #188767
• metforminactivatesAMPKA→B
  "based on inhibitor experiment in mice"confidence 0.70· extraction run #27· claim #198866
• AMPKincreasesepileptiform network activityB→C
  "in thalamic brain slices"confidence 0.80· extraction run #14· claim #22912

No claims match this filter.

edge_support_log_ab

log(ab + 1) = 2.303

edge_support_log_bc

log(bc + 1) = 0.693

novelty_factor

1.000 (no direct drug→outcome evidence — full novelty)

direct_a_to_c_count

0

Embeddings are used at the L1 filtering stage to prune off-topic abstracts before claim extraction. They do not directly score the hypothesis.

model

bge-m3

dim

1024

max_length

8192 tokens

similarity_scores

No per-hypothesis cosine scores stored.

method

swanson_abc_log_evidence_with_novelty_penalty

formula

score = min((log(ab+1) + log(bc+1)) * novelty / 10, 1.0); novelty = 1.0 if direct==0 else 0.7 / (direct+1)

raw score

0.2996

outreach score

0.4494

quality tier

high